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Tuvalu – United States relations are bilateral relations between Tuvalu and the United States. ==History== There was limited interaction between U.S. citizens and the Tuvaluan people in the 19th century. American whaling ships were active in the waters of the Tuvaluan archipelago. In 1821 Captain George Barrett, of the Nantucket whaler ''Independence II'', visited Niulakita, which he named ''Rocky (Group)''. 〔Keith S. Chambers & Doug Munro, ''The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu'', 89(2) (1980) The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 167-198〕 This name was never much used, but ''Independence Island'', after Barrett's ship, was one of the several names which came into general use for Niulakita during the 19th century.〔 The United States Exploring Expedition under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes visited Funafuti, Nukufetau and Vaitupu in 1841.〔Tyler, David B. – 1968 ''The Wilkes Expedition. The First United States Exploring Expedition'' (1838–42). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society〕 During the visit of the expedition to Tuvalu Alfred Thomas Agate, engraver and illustrator, recorded the dress and tattoo patterns of men of Nukufetau. On 15 April 1889 Niulakita was sold for $1,000 to Mr H. J. Moors, an American citizen living in Apia, Samoa. Niulakita and other islands of the Tuvaluan archipelago were claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act (1856), which was passed by the U.S. Congress to enable citizens of the U.S. to take possession of islands containing guano deposits. In the 1840s guano was a source of saltpeter for gunpowder as well as an agricultural fertilizer. The legislation was enacted to assist in securing supplies of guano. On 4 August 1892 Captain Davis of the visited Niulakita but did not land on the island, he recorded in the ship’s journal: “Several natives appeared on the beach, and hoisted up an American ensign.” On 16 September 1896 Captain Gibson R.N., of HMS ''Curacoa'', recorded in the ship’s journal that six men and six women, natives of various islands, were living on Niulakita working for Moors. Captain Gibson determined that the island was not under American protection so he hoisted the Union Jack and delivered the flag, with a copy of the Declaration of British Protectorate, to the headman of the working party.〔 Moors later abandoned Niulakita when the deposits of guano were depleted. In 1900 USFC ''Albatross'' visited Funafuti when the United States Fish Commission were investigating the formation of coral reefs on Pacific atolls. Harry Clifford Fassett, captain's clerk and photographer, recorded people, communities and scenes at Funafuti. During the Pacific War (World War 2) Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date = )〕 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The atolls of Tuvalu acted as a staging post during the preparation for the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Makin that commenced on 20 November 1943, which was the implementation of "Operation Galvanic".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date=1969 )〕 Following Tuvalu becoming an independent nation in 1978, relations with the United States were confirmed by the signing of a Treaty of Friendship in 1979, which was ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1983, under which the United States renounced prior territorial claims to four Tuvaluan islands (Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Niulakita) under the Guano Islands Act of 1856. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tuvalu–United States relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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